The Securities and Exchange Commission has voted unanimously to propose rules under the JOBS Act allowing companies to offer and sell securities through crowdfunding.
Crowdfunding describes a way to raise funds through the Internet for different types of projects, including innovative product ideas and artistic works such as movies or music, as on the sites Kickstarter and Indiegogo. Title III of the JOBS Act created an exemption under the securities laws so that this type of funding method could be used to offer and sell securities as well. The JOBS Act also established the foundation for a regulatory structure for this funding method.
SEC Chair Mary Jo White noted that the intent of the JOBS Act is to make it easier for startups and small businesses to raise capital from a wide range of potential investors and provide additional investment opportunities for investors.
There is a great deal of excitement in the marketplace about the crowdfunding exemption, and Im pleased that were in a position to seek public comment on a proposal to permit crowdfunding, White said in a statement Wednesday. We want this market to thrive in a safe manner for investors.
The SEC said it is seeking public comment on the proposed rules for a 90-day period following their publication in the Federal Register.
The National Crowdfunding Association, a trade association representing the nascent financing method, welcomed the SECs unanimous vote. "We are pleased that the SEC has given the industry a framework from which to build on," said Howard Landers, director of regulatory affairs for the NLCFA and co-CEO of funding portal developer eBarnRaiser LLC. "The industry will now study the proposed rules and engage with the regulators to ensure that investment crowdfunding in the United States is efficient, effective, and aids in capital creation while taking investor protection into account. The NLCFA looks forward to working with all regulatory bodies; the SEC, FINRA, and members of the North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) to help create the investment crowdfunding marketplace, and to give the industry participants a voice through the NLCFA."
While crowdfunding can be used to raise funds for many things, it generally has not been used as a means to offer and sell securities, the SEC noted. That is because offering a share of the financial returns or profits from business activities could trigger the application of the federal securities laws, and an offer or sale of securities must be registered with the SEC unless an exemption is available.
"In Title III of the JOBS Act, Congress recognized the potential of the Internet to facilitate capital formation for very small companies at a critical stage of their growth," SEC commissioner Daniel M. Gallagher said at Wednesdays meeting.
Congress created an exemption to permit securities-based crowdfunding when it passed the JOBS Act last year. Among other things, the JOBS Act was intended to help alleviate the funding gap and accompanying regulatory concerns faced by startups and small businesses in connection with raising capital in relatively low dollar amounts.
Title III of the JOBS Act established the foundation for a regulatory structure that would permit these entities to use crowdfunding, and directed the SEC to write rules implementing the exemption. It also created a new entitya funding portalto allow Internet-based platforms or intermediaries to facilitate the offer and sale of securities without having to register with the SEC as brokers. Together these measures were intended to facilitate capital raising by small businesses while providing significant investor protections.
Proposed Rules
The rules proposed by the SEC would among other things permit individuals to invest subject to certain thresholds, limit the amount of money a company can raise, require companies to disclose certain information about their offers, and create a regulatory framework for the intermediaries that would facilitate the crowdfunding transactions.
Under the proposed rules, a company would be able to raise a maximum aggregate amount of $1 million through crowdfunding offerings in a 12-month period. Investors, over the course of a 12-month period, would be permitted to invest up to $2,000 or 5 percent of their annual income or net worth, whichever is greater, if both their annual income and net worth are less than $100,000; or 10 percent of their annual income or net worth, whichever is greater, if either their annual income or net worth is equal to or more than $100,000. During the 12-month period, these investors would not be able to purchase more than $100,000 of securities through crowdfunding.
Certain companies would not be eligible to use the crowdfunding exemption. Ineligible companies include non-U.S. companies, companies that already are SEC reporting companies, certain investment companies, companies that are disqualified under the proposed disqualification rules, companies that have failed to comply with the annual reporting requirements in the proposed rules, and companies that have no specific business plan or have indicated their business plan is to engage in a merger or acquisition with an unidentified company or companies.
As mandated by Title III of the JOBS Act, securities purchased in a crowdfunding transaction could not be resold for a period of one year. Holders of these securities would not count toward the threshold that requires a company to register with the SEC under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act.
Consistent with Title III of the JOBS Act, the proposed rules would require companies conducting a crowdfunding offering to file certain information with the SEC, provide it to investors and the relevant intermediary facilitating the crowdfunding offering, and make it available to potential investors.
In its offering documents, among the things the company would be required to disclose information about officers and directors as well as owners of 20 percent or more of the company; a description of the companys business and the use of proceeds from the offering; the price to the public of the securities being offered, the target offering amount, the deadline to reach the target offering amount, and whether the company will accept investments in excess of the target offering amount.
Companies would also be required to disclose certain related-party transactions; provide a description of the financial condition of the company; and include financial statements of the company that, depending on the amount offered and sold during a 12-month period, would have to be accompanied by a copy of the companys tax returns or reviewed or audited by an independent public accountant or auditor.
Companies would be required to amend the offering document to reflect material changes and provide updates on the companys progress toward reaching the target offering amount.
Companies relying on the crowdfunding exemption to offer and sell securities would be required to file an annual report with the SEC and provide it to investors.
Crowdfunding Platforms
One of the key investor protections that Title III of the JOBS Act provides for crowdfunding is the requirement that crowdfunding transactions take place through an SEC-registered intermediary, either a broker-dealer or a funding portal. Under the proposed rules, the offerings would be conducted exclusively online through a platform operated by a registered broker or a funding portal, which is a new type of SEC registrant.
The proposed rules would require these intermediaries to provide investors with educational materials; take measures to reduce the risk of fraud; make available information about the issuer and the offering; provide communication channels to permit discussions about offerings on the platform; and facilitate the offer and sale of crowdfunded securities.
The proposed rules would prohibit funding portals from offering investment advice or making recommendations; soliciting purchases, sales or offers to buy securities offered or displayed on its website; imposing certain restrictions on compensating people for solicitations; or holding, possessing, or handling investor funds or securities.
The proposed rules would provide a safe harbor under which funding portals can engage in certain activities consistent with these restrictions.
The SEC will be seeking public comment on the proposed rules for 90 days. It will then review the comments and determine whether to adopt the proposed rules.
